Which openings on a house let in pests the most?
The garage threshold and door bottom, the gap where utility lines enter the foundation, the rim joist and the vent screens are the openings most often used by rodents. Insects tend to use the same gaps plus the window and door trim where it meets the siding.
The garage is usually the largest opening on a suburban house, and its bottom edge is the least likely to be sealed well. A door that has been installed for years may have a seal that has flattened, and a threshold that no longer meets the slab leaves a clear route under the door.
Utility lines that enter the foundation are the second main route. A pipe passes through a hole that was drilled larger than the pipe, and the space around it is rarely filled completely. Those gaps are checked from the basement and the outside together.
Is caulk enough to seal a gap against a mouse or rat?
Caulk and foam alone are often not enough, because mice and rats can chew through them. Hard filler, metal mesh and weatherproof materials are used at openings that rodents may use, and caulk is reserved for small cracks that no animal can use.
A technician checks the material by trying to push a finger or a probe into the gap and by looking for chew marks in the filler. A seal that has been chewed through, even partly, is replaced with a harder material.
Foam is useful for filling the space around a pipe, but it is covered with a harder material on the outside so that the animal cannot reach it. The choice of materials is written into the visit notes.
Should vents be covered or left open?
Vents should be fitted with a finer mesh rather than closed, because attics and crawlspaces need airflow to manage moisture. The mesh keeps out rodents and insects while letting air move, and a closed vent can cause condensation and damage.
A torn or bent screen is the most common vent problem. A small tear is enough for a mouse, and a bent screen can let a rat in through the gap at its edge. The replacement mesh is chosen to be stiffer than the old screen.
Crawlspace vents are checked for moisture as well as openings. Sealing a vent that was providing airflow can trap humidity in the crawlspace, so the technician balances the sealing against the ventilation the space needs.
When does sealing have to wait?
Sealing waits until the animals have been removed from the space it would close in. A nest inside a wall or an attic must be cleared first, or the animals will be trapped inside and forced to chew a new route out.
Sealing is also scheduled around the weather. Filler and foam need dry, moderate temperatures to cure properly, and a wet week can leave a seal that looks closed but does not hold. The technician plans the work for a dry window.
A repeat inspection checks the seals after a few weeks. A seal that has worn, cracked or shifted is adjusted, and the repeat visit is the point at which the work is confirmed.
What can a homeowner check between visits?
A homeowner can check the garage threshold for daylight, watch the vent screens for tears, and look at the foundation where pipes enter the wall. Any new gap, staining or fresh droppings near an opening should be reported so that the seal can be checked.
A simple test is a flashlight in the garage with the lights off. Daylight under the door or along the threshold means the seal is not complete, and a note of where the light is seen helps the technician find the gap.
Check the foundation after heavy rain, when settling or soil movement can open a new line at the sill plate. A crack that is wider on one visit than the last is worth reporting.